Durga Puja Essay

One of the biggest social events of India, Durga Puja is considered the main festival for Bengalis. It is a ten-day carnival in West Bengal, the eastern state of India. Magnificently created puja pandals are erected at every other street of Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal. Every pooja pandal is unique in its own terms, with beautiful patterns that are true delight to the eyes. A spurt of fanfare can be sensed all through the ten days, especially on the last four days of the festival. Bengalis in the metro city rejoice to their heart’s content. They consider the festival as a wonderful occasion to reconnect to their family and friends. The air is filled with festivity, during the season. In the following lines, we have provided information on the celebrations of Durga Puja in Kolkata. Durga Pooja Celebrations In Kolkata Preparations The preparations of the festival commence one or two months in advance. Puja bonus (extra money apart from the salary) is given to the employees of both government and private organizations, in Kolkata, since the bread-winner of the family brings in clothes and furbishes for the home, during the festive season. Pre-pooja bargain sales are displayed by shops, as they cash in a lot during the festival. Every household prepares itself to welcome the season, with great enthusiasm. Pre-Puja Celebrations Celebrations of the festival start with Mahalaya, the first phase of the waxing moon in Aswin. During the time, about thousands of people offer prayers to their ancestors at the city’s river banks. This ritual is referred to as ‘Tarpan’. The festive mood builds up in the people, when Dhakis (drummers) belonging to the countryside start gathering near the city. The local Puja organizers are attracted by the feathered drums played by the drummers. Making Of Idol While the festival was celebrated within the families some times back, it has taken the shape of a community festival, celebrated at Puja pandals. The  construction of the deity of Goddess Durga and other gods start a couple of months prior to the festival. A place in the north Kolkata – Kumartuli is famous for the production of beautiful idols made of clay. This is the region, where expert artisans show their dexterity of making idols of Goddess Durga, the demon Mahisasura, Lord Kartik, Lord Ganesha, Goddess Saraswati and Goddess Lakshmi, required for the festival. Construction Of Puja Pandal Puja pandal is the main attraction of Durga Puja. Many people are expert at making magnificent Puja pandal, (the covered huge stage for the Puja), by using paper, wood, bamboos, clothes and other materials. They come up with a number of innovative ideas every year and cash in a lot of money by erecting the Puja pandals that comprise of mesmerizing art work. Some pandals are also built as the replica of world-famous structures. Celebrations On The Main Days Of Puja The main days of Durga Puja are seventh, eight, ninth and the tenth day. The festival picks up pace on the sixth day – Maha Shashti. The long and details rituals of the Puja start on the seventh day. An expert priest is called upon to chant mantras, shlokas and perform aarti and offerings at the Puja pandal. Apart from the rituals, cultural activities such as song and dance competitions and games are also organized during the last four days of the festival. Professional singers are called upon to sing bhajans and stuti, to praise Goddess Durga. Outside the pandal, the city is illuminated with display of sparkling and colorful lights. Educational institutions and offices are closed during the four main days of Durga Puja. To put it in simple words, it can be said that Durga Pooja is the greatest festival of Kolkata.

Balochistan

Irony here is that although Balloonists shares the major part of not only the country's name but also the area, It still has been treated like a step child since forever. While asking for a divorce, Bloodstain Is certainly at right. Everyone keeps talking about the Issues of Bloodstain but never actually did anything In practical. Everyone says that we need to have a dialogue and grant Ballot's their deserving ‘rights' but every single government came and aggravated the situation. As a result uncountable unresolved issues have been piled up over all these years.It is true that Balloons have risen in revolt several times in the past but then getting used to it and stop paying heed to he Issue merely on the basis that the insurgency Is not new and Is foreign-led, has even worsen the situation. It might be true that Bloch leaders would have foreign friends but blindly believing that they have been supporting an insurgency for the past 65 years is disingenuous. Distrust of Pakistan , hatred for Punjabi, and the establishment has always been there in the Balloons psyche.They are simply not going to forget the step-motherly treatment being done with them, that they were the last people to get natural gas from their own lands, that the military have done more arm than good to the province and has been killing whoever raises his voice against the operations and throwing the dead bodies on the streets, that barely 25% of their population is literate, around 30% are unemployed and that just 7% have access to tap water. The rule of the FCC (Frontier Corps), they want, must give way to the rule of law. The only thing that Balloons want should go missing from Balloonists is lawlessness, and not its people.In addition to that despite its vast natural wealth, Balloonists Is desperately poor. The dire situation has already made around 100,000 people to leave the province since 2007 and In response to that our leaders has only one thing to say that ‘Bloodstain Issue has been exaggeratedly highlighted'. Balloonists is a decaying wound, which has bled for decades now. Rather than diagnosing the cause, successive governments have been trying different dressings to heal the wound eventually making it more septic. If the situation stays unheeded, there is a possibility that once again we will have to suffer dismemberment ofPakistan Like we did In 1971 losing another Integral part of the country. Balloonists By Mawkishness's immediate control of the natural resources and, ultimately, independence. Going also the area, it still has been treated like a step child since forever. While asking for a divorce, Balloonists is certainly at right. Everyone keeps talking about the issues of Balloonists but never actually did anything in practical. Everyone says that we need to have a dialogue and grant Balloons their deserving ‘rights' but every single issues have been piled up over all these years.It is true that Ballot's have risen in the issue merely o n the basis that the insurgency is not new and is foreign-led, has population is literate, around 30% are unemployed and that Just 7% have access to Balloonists is desperately poor. The dire situation has already made around 100,000 people to leave the province since 2007 and in response to that our leaders has only one thing to say that ‘Balloonists issue has been exaggeratedly highlighted'. Pakistan like we did in 1971 losing another integral part of the country.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 2

Dear Diary, I AM HOME! I can hardly dare to believe it, but here I am. I woke with the strangest feeling. I didn't know where I was and just lay here smelling the clean cotton-and-fabric-softener scent of the sheets, trying to figure out why everything looked so familiar. I wasn't in Lady Ulma's mansion. There, I had slept nestled in the smoothest satin and softest velvet, and the air had smelled of incense. And I wasn't at the boardinghouse: Mrs. Flowers washes the bedding there in some weird-smelling herbal mixture that Bonnie says is for protection and good dreams. And suddenly, I knew. I was home. The Guardians did it! They brought me home. Everything and nothing has changed. It's the same room I slept in from when I was a tiny baby: my polished cherry-wood dresser and rocking chair; the little stuffed black-and-white dog Matt won at the winter carnival our junior year perched on a shelf; my rolltop desk with its cubbyholes; the ornate antique mirror above my dresser; and the Monet and Klimt posters from the museum exhibits Aunt Judith took me to in Washington, DC. Even my comb and brush are lined up neatly side by side on my dresser. It's all as it should be. I got out of bed and used a silver letter opener from the desk to pry up the secret board in my closet floor, my old hiding place, and I found this diary, just where I hid it so many months ago. The last entry is the one I wrote before Founder's Day back in November, before I†¦ died. Before I left home and never came back. Until now. In that entry I detailed our plan to steal back my other diary, the one Caroline took from me, the one that she was planning to read aloud at the Founder's Day pageant, knowing it would ruin my life. The very next day, I drowned in Wickery Creek and rose again as a vampire. And then I died again and returned as a human, and traveled to the Dark Dimension, and had a thousand adventures. And my old diary has been sitting right here where I left it under the closet floor, just waiting for me. The other Elena, the one that the Guardians planted in everyone's memories, was here all these months, going to school and living a normal life. That Elena didn't write here. I'm relieved, really. How creepy would it be to see diary entries in my handwriting and not remember any of the things they recounted? Although that might have been helpful. I have no idea what everyone else in Fell's Church thinks has been happening in the months since Founder's Day. The whole town of Fell's Church has been given a fresh start. The kitsune destroyed this town out of sheer malicious mischief. Pitting children against their parents, making people destroy themselves and everyone they loved. But now none of it ever happened. If the Guardians made good on their word, everyone else who died is now alive again: poor Vickie Bennett and Sue Carson, murdered by Katherine and Klaus and Tyler Smallwood back in the winter; disagreeable Mr. Tanner; those innocents that the kitsune killed or caused to be killed. Me. All back again, all starting over. And, except for me and my closest friends – Meredith, Bonnie, Matt, my darling Stefan, and Mrs. Flowers – no one else knows that life hasn't gone on as usual ever since Founder's Day. We've all been given another chance. We did it. We saved everyone. Everyone except Damon. He saved us, in the end, but we couldn't save him. No matter how hard we tried or how desperately we pleaded, there was no way for the Guardians to bring him back. And vampires don't reincarnate. They don't go to Heaven, or Hell, or any kind of afterlife. They just†¦ disappear. Elena stopped writing for a moment and took a deep breath. Her eyes fil ed with tears, but she bent over the diary again. She had to tel the whole truth if there was going to be any point to keeping a diary at al . Damon died in my arms. It was agonizing to watch him slip away from me. But I'll never let Stefan know how I truly felt about his brother. It would be cruel – and what good would it do now? I still can't believe he's gone. There was no one as alive as Damon – no one who loved life more than he did. Now he'll never know – At that moment the door of Elena's bedroom suddenly flew open, and Elena, her heart in her throat, slammed the diary shut. But the intruder was only her younger sister, Margaret, dressed in pink flower-printed pajamas, her cornsilk hair standing straight up in the middle like a thrush's feathers. The five-year-old didn't decelerate until she was almost on top of Elena – and then she launched herself at her through the air. She landed squarely on her older sister, knocking the breath out of her. Margaret's cheeks were wet, her eyes shining, and her little hands clutched at Elena. Elena found herself holding on just as tightly, feeling the weight of her sister, inhaling the sweet scent of baby shampoo and Play-Doh. â€Å"I missed you!† Margaret said, her voice on the verge of sobbing. â€Å"Elena! I missed you so much!† â€Å"What?† Despite her effort to make her voice light, Elena could hear it shaking. She realized with a jolt that she hadn't seen Margaret – really seen her – for more than eight months. But Margaret couldn't know that. â€Å"You missed me so much since bedtime that you had to come running to find me?† Margaret drew slightly away from Elena and stared at her. Margaret's five-year-old clear blue eyes had a look in them, an intensely knowing look, that sent a shiver down Elena's spine. But Margaret didn't say a word. She simply tightened her grip on Elena, curling up and letting her head rest on Elena's shoulder. â€Å"I had a bad dream. I dreamed you left me. You went away.† The last word was a quiet wail. â€Å"Oh, Margaret,† Elena said, hugging her sister's warm solidity, â€Å"it was only a dream. I'm not going anywhere.† She closed her eyes and held on to Margaret, praying her sister had truly only had a nightmare, and that she hadn't slipped through the cracks of the Guardians' spel . â€Å"Al right, cookie, time to get a move on,† said Elena after a few moments, gently tickling Margaret's side. â€Å"Are we going to have a fabulous breakfast together? Shal I make you pancakes?† Margaret sat up then and gazed at Elena with wide blue eyes. â€Å"Uncle Robert's making waffles,† she said. â€Å"He always makes waffles on Sunday mornings. Remember?† Uncle Robert. Right. He and Aunt Judith had gotten married after Elena had died. â€Å"Sure, he does, bunny,† she said lightly. â€Å"I just forgot it was Sunday for a minute.† Now that Margaret had mentioned it, she could hear someone down in the kitchen. And smel something delicious cooking. She sniffed. â€Å"Is that bacon?† Margaret nodded. â€Å"Race you to the kitchen!† Elena laughed and stretched. â€Å"Give me a minute to wake al the way up. I'l meet you down there.† I'll get to talk to Aunt Judith again, she realized with a sudden burst of joy. Margaret bounced out of bed. At the door, she paused and looked back at her sister. â€Å"You real y are coming down, right?† she asked hesitantly. â€Å"I real y am,† Elena said, and Margaret smiled and headed down the hal . Watching her, Elena was struck once more by what an amazing second chance – third chance, real y – she'd been given. For a moment Elena just soaked in the essence of her dear, darling home, a place she'd never thought she'd live in again. She could hear Margaret's light voice chattering away happily downstairs, the deeper rumble of Robert answering her. She was so lucky, despite everything, to be back home at last. What could be more wonderful? Her eyes fil ed with tears and she closed them tightly. What a stupid thing to think. What could be more wonderful? If the crow on her windowsil had been Damon, if she'd known that he was out there somewhere, ready to flash his lazy smile or even purposely aggravate her, now that would have been more wonderful. Elena opened her eyes and blinked hard several times, wil ing the tears away. She couldn't fal apart. Not now. Not when she was about to see her family again. Now she would smile and laugh and hug her family. Later she would col apse, indulging the sharp ache inside her, and let herself sob. After al , she had al the time in the world to mourn Damon, because losing him would never, ever stop hurting.

Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease - Essay Example Air is humankind's natural source of respiratory Oxygen. Its preservation may have been openly disregarded, so that the current generation has to face up to the maintenance of its life supportive feature (Goldman 1972). Unfortunately, up to this time, City dwelling is still synonymous to smog dwelling. This haze or smog is created primarily by a mixture of potential toxic chemicals like nitrates, sulfates, and particulates, formed mostly from the automobile exhausts and industrial factories emissions (Miller & Levine 2003). Australians are well aware of the long standing problems poised by these air pollutants that environmental watchers groups have been organized at a state-level. But, the private sector's enthusiasm is not usually matched by the civil servants at the local government level because its power is limited to implementation of the Federal government's policies and decisions. This is despite the fact that the initial commonwealth system has already adopted the Federal system. The bureaucracy appears to delimit after all, efforts to make lighter air pollution problems at the state level. At some other points nonetheless, government must just be cautious with the policies and decisions so as not to create a barrier for prospective business investors, as market flexibility must be maintained, as well as market share in the economic sphere. In other words, where does the Australian governmental economist stand on the latest question of cost and benefits Are there tools and principles that could clarify the issue Where does one take off in making an economic analysis of the environment Body Greening as a dilemma picks-up momentum at the point where the demand for environmental quality accelerates. Australians' demand for quality air as relative to greening was manifested in several instances, and several manners. They conveyed this need by participating in local and national debates on environmental rules and regulations (Garnaut 2008). Some created representative groups to lobby their cause among governmental or political personalities. Others patronize only organically produced products as well as products that are biodegradable despite additional cost. Still others does not mind purchasing expensive homes and living in areas distant from the busier strips of Australia for the quality environment that supports quality living. Clearly, the Australians' demand for quality air which is supportive of healthy living has developed over the years because of the twofold rationale. Foremost are the raised takings which correspondingly raised the purchasing powers of the citizens. Subsequently, the demand for goods and services expanded to some extents as to certainly demand for high quality air also. Australians value for clean air became equitable with their keenness to spend for it. Nonetheless, Australians' awareness of the consequences of human activities which are more often perilous to the air in the environs

Money and Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Money and Banking - Assignment Example The flow of money is not constrained by physical proximity, money flows around the globe through banking institutions and financial markets. This seemingly free flow of money is constrained, however, by rules under which banks and financial markets must operate, as dictated by government policy. This essay will examine different concepts which affect money and banking. I. If the central bank has an interest rate target, why would an increase in the demand for bank reserves lead to a rise in the money supply? If the central bank has an interest rate target an increase in the demand for bank reserves will lead to increase in the money supply since the increase in the demand for reserves shifts the reserves demand curve to the right which in turn would increase the interest rates. In order to prevent this, the central will buy bonds to increase the supply of reserves. The open market purchase will then cause the monetary base and the money supply to expand (Bishop 2012). II. The benefits of central bank lending to banks (rediscount operations) to prevent bank panics are obvious. What are the costs? The benefits of the central bank lending money to banks include helping them to maintain at least a fixed ratio of reserves relative to their to their transaction deposits, they help stabilize the total willingness to hold reserves in the overnight inter-bank loan market. A stable demand of reserves in the overnight inter-bank loan market helps to stabilize the overnight inter-bank loan interest rate, given a quantity of reserves supplied by the central bank. Central banks may lend emergence reserves and other funds when banks have liquidity problems or other financial problems such as shortage of capital. But like deposit insurance, the lending increases moral hazard if the central bank guarantees that all institutions can have access to discount loans, even institutions that are poorly managed. Part of the cost of poor management of

The way that the memory of the events of the Boston Massacre have Research Paper

The way that the memory of the events of the Boston Massacre have changed over time - Research Paper Example This Act was imposed on the order of a British official called Charles Townshend. The objects on which import duty was attached were paint, paper, tea, lead and glass2. The members of the British parliament introduced the Townshend Act as a punishment to the colonists for protesting against the previous Stamp Act. With this new Act, the parliament wanted to teach a lesson to the colonists that they are bound to abide by any Acts they would introduce. The American Board of Customs Commissioners was also arranged by the Parliament whose members were responsible for seeing that smuggling laws were duly followed. This Board was set up in Boston since smuggling activities were centered in this city. The Parliament believed that if smuggling could be wiped out from Boston then it would be easy for them to force other colonial citizens to follow the trade laws3. Very soon the colonists began to protest against the Townshend Act declaring that no taxes can be levied on any goods without thei r agreement. The protestant acts were further provoked by the writings of many patriotic leaders of that time. A protesting letter was written by John Hancock and was circulated to all the townspeople in Massachusetts: â€Å"You are already too well acquainted with the melancholy and very alarming Circumstances to which this Province, as well as America in general, is now reduced. Taxes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent†4. The merchants in Boston began to reject any goods made in Britain. In 1768, a circular letter was sent by the Massachusetts Assembly to the other colonial legislatures informing them about difficulties faced by the colonists because of the Act: â€Å"The House of Representatives of this province, have taken into their serious consideration, the great difficulties that must accrue to themselves and their constituents, by the operation of several acts of P arliament, imposing duties and taxes on the American colonies†5. In response to the protests the British began to send troops to maintain peace while still enforcing the law. This led to many violent conflicts between the British soldiers and the protesting colonists; one such incident that became most well known in American history was the Boston Massacre. On March 5, 1770, a crowd of angry people taunted nine British guards of custom house and threw snowballs at them, and the latter fired in return which killed five people and wounded some6. Sons of Liberty In October 1768, the 14th and 29th regiments of British army arrived in Boston. They were dispatched by Royal Governor Francis Bernard whose purpose was to maintain law and order in the Boston and also to assist the customs official to collects taxes as per the Townshend Act imposed by the British Parliament. However, Massachusetts Assembly accused Bernard that this action was an attempt to overthrow the Boston government and felt that there was no need of the troops to maintain peace in the city. But Bernard was concerned because of an earlier protestant act in June, 1768 when the customs officials seized a sloop of John Hancock who was a merchant and political leader. This led to protests by a group called Sons of Liberty who decorated an elm tree with placards and effigies of Bernard and customs officials7. Bernard, although opposed the 1965

Darwins Rib Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Darwins Rib - Essay Example Science follows a series of research by scientists while the bible summarizes the story of creation. The theory needs people to believe (Root-Bernstein 1). The bible has two ways of explaining how the creation story theory came about. One is that, God makes things to appear and the other one is God works through his chosen ways. He created Adam and removed one of his ribs to create Eve though they committed sin by eating the forbidden fruit. Creationism should not be taught as a science lesson because the theory does not have the series of evidence like evolution. Additionally, creationism involves a super natural being and science does not approve its existence. Several unanswered questions appear in the story of creation. For example, creation answers the origin of God while evolution answers all questions through research (Root-Bernstein 1). The two theories are respectable. The theory of evolution by Darwin gives enough evidence and challenges the creation theory. His research findings prove a point that humans have evolved. However, the creation theory makes a lot of sense because religion is about believing in the unseen God who affects our lives. His work is also

Business Law course---&gtAgency--&gtPrincipal and Agent relationship Term Paper

Business Law course--->Agency-->Principal and Agent relationship - Term Paper Example However, creating a relationship between two parties involve certain crucial points, which are significant to be considered when creating an agency. These points principally includes mentioning the authorities of the parties involved, duties of the both the parties and liability of the parties involved among others in the contract. In similar regard, it would be worth mentioning that an agency relationship between two parties (the principal and the agent) must be beneficial for both; that is the principal will enjoy the privilege of getting his/her work done by others, while the agent will receive a considerable amount for the same (Floyd & Allen 212-250). THESIS STATEMENT In this paper, emphasis will be laid upon investigating and postulating the provisions in respect to agency creation and the subsequent relation built there upon between an agent and the principal. The significance of having an agency relationship will also be depicted up to an extent in this paper. From a primary point of view, there are several components identifiable as involved with the creation as well as the legal execution of an agency relationship. ... In such relationship a legal contract plays a vital role to ensure legal and ethical conducts of both the parties involved. The rights as well as responsibilities of both the parties are therefore, postulated to be based in accordance to the terms and conditions mentioned in the contract. In regard to creating an agency, the free consent of the both the parties involved, i.e. principal and agent, is of prime significance and a necessary issue. The principal, in this context, must have the desire that the agent will act on his behalf with a particular transaction or negotiation. Similarly, an agent will also have the right to choose his desire or confirm his free consent to perform on behalf of the principal. The intentions and expectations of both the parties is also required to be mentioned in the contract to avoid any sort of miscommunications or frauds of any kind in the course of their relationship. Correspondingly, the contract law will be applicable in this regard. In case, if one party intends to exercise control over the activities of the other, no relationship will exist between the two. An agency can only arise by the will of both the parties. There are two kinds of agencies, which comprise of actual and apparent agencies [Carr v. Hunt, 651 S.W.2d 875] (US Legal, â€Å"Creation of Agency†). AUTHORITY It has been noted from the above discussion that the relationship between an agent and a principal, primarily forms an agency, where the former acts on behalf of the later. Both of them enter in a contract, which further ensures certain authoritative responsibilities and rights for both of them. The authority in an agency is divided into several types based on their characterizations. Primarily, the authority of an agent is his/her power to act on behalf of the

Leadership Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Interview Paper - Essay Example or the final round of the interview was the main part of the selection process as it aimed to analyze the leadership quality of the interviewee and evaluate his leadership knowledge implementation skill. Leadership is a quality of a human being by which he or she can effectively control a group of people or situation. It is a tough ability which affects the behavior of any human being for accomplishing a mission. It is the quality to influence or motivate single or a group of people to go ahead towards the assigned goal and achieve the goal. All these can be summarized as that, a leader is simply someone who has the ability to create a path and lead others to follow it. So without any experience no one can be a leader i.e. he should have comparatively better knowledge from others i.e. the follower then only he can lead a group of people. A leader needs to have some essential previous experiences to become a leader and that would be very helpful to develop the leadership style of a person. One is working in a team as well as leading the team by the knowledge and skills and proper understanding of group dynamics. To lead a team or group of people who are involved in similar kind of work, the person or group leader needs to have better knowledge of and expertise on the particular work than other team members. It is only then that he or she can guide or lead the team and can motivate the members to go forward to achieve the assigned goal effectively. Second important experience that a leader needs to have is protesting against an unfaithful and unethical happening and encouraging his followers to do that as well. If a person is guiding a group of people the person can be called a successful leader only when his or her followers follow his positive or negative path of direction to achieve the goal. Positive path refers to the working of a group together to achieve a set target which can be either a company target or, a long term project or it can even be a

Module 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Module 3 - Essay Example taz Mahal, â€Å"Chosen one of the Palace,† about whom it is said, â€Å"The moon hid its face in shame before her.† The two were inseparable, so it was not unusual that she accompanied him to subdue a rebellion even if she was on the ninth month of her pregnancy. During the birth of their fourteenth child, the queen suffered complications, but it is said that just before she died she made her husband promise that he would build a mausoleum for her, one of outstanding beauty not before seen. It is said of the queen that she was a kind and wonderful woman who helped hundreds of women in distress (Wijesinha, 2010), so her death was deeply mourned by the nation. Six months after her death, Shah Jahan, still grieving, built her mausoleum across the Jamuna River, near the royal palace. It was the Taj Mahal, made of white marble and described as delicately ethereal, pearly pink during the dawn and opalescent in the moonlight. As a work of art, the structure evoked harmony, grace and purity. The Taj Mahal is the finest example of Mughal architecture which is a combination of Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and Indian architectural styles (Hasan, 1994; Du Temple, 2003). The tomb is a perfectly symmetrical building with an iwan or arch-shaped doorway, framed by a large pishtaq and topped by a huge marble dome and finial. The base structure is a multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners and forming an unequal octagon. Four minarets stand at the four corners surrounding the tomb. The Taj Mahal is an architectural wonder of the world because of its one of the world’s most beautiful buildings. It is a â€Å"poem in marble† which is stunning if viewed under a full moon (Wijesinha, 2010); however, it is renowned not only because of its resplendent and intricate beauty, but because it is a monument to a deep and undying love by a king for his beautiful and well-loved queen. Even after four and a half centuries, is still today India’s most popular tourist site. Wijesinha,

Self Report And Reflection Conmmuication Essay Example for Free

Self Report And Reflection Conmmuication Essay Communication in the work place is important between all team members and families when taking care of patients. During the self-report scale assignment, I realized how much communication is important during my everyday job. As an emergency room nurse, you can become very task oriented because things are happening at a very fast pace. These are the times that things can go wrong if we are not careful and question every order. The relationship between the nurse and patient is not the only relationship that needs to be open and honest. All team members involved including the doctors, physician’s assistances, other nurses and ER tech’s need to have the patient’s best interest as their primary goal. Being open, honest and relaxed I find is very helpful when building report with patients and all team members involved. I am constantly learning new things in the ER but I do have areas where I need work. Time management is an area that I struggle with at times. I believe I can prioritize well but I can always do better. Another area I can grow and learn from is making decisions before I have all the information. This question made me think about how I assume what a patients diagnosis is. I make decisions quick but I know that there are times when I need to have more information and facts to be confident in the plan of care. I try my best to build trusting relationships with my patients the moment I introduce myself. I can become frustrated at times with a noncompliant patient and I remind myself not to let my emotions interfere with their care. This is a time where I make sure my body language and tone of my voice are appropriate at the bedside. I have learned so much in the clinical world of nursing but the foundation of it all was in nursing school. I make most of my decisions based on clinical experience but always remember the basics and root of where it came from. I should remind myself of this more because not  all patients are the same. This self-report has opened my eyes to how I am in the workplace, treat my patients and colleges and how make decisions. I learned a lot about myself that I didn’t know by answering the questions truthfully.

Summer Solstice Essay Example for Free

Summer Solstice Essay The Summer Solstice is a short story written by Nick Joaquin. The book tells the story of a ritual performed by women to call upon the gods to grant fertility. The ritual they perform is to dance around a century-old Balete tree. The ritual was known as Tatarin and lasted for three days during the summer months. The last day of Tatarin is the same day as St. Johns Day. The story is set on St Johns Day in the 1850s in the Philippines. Entoy tells Dona Lupeng that Amada has participated in the ritual. While they are on board a carriage, Dona Lupeng talks about why Amada still believes in the ritual. The carriage comes to a halt and everyone watches a procession taking place. Dona Lupeng mocks the arrogance of the men taking part in the procession. When they arrive at a house Dona Lupeng discovers that Guido, Don Paengs cousin, had taken part in both the procession they have just witnessed and in the Tatarin ritual. Guido lifted Dona Lupengs skirt whilst she was looking for her children. Dona Lupeng then tells Don Paeng about the incident and tells him that Guido had even kissed her feet. Don Paeng is disgusted that the woman has been shown adoration, as he feels that love and respect are more befitting. Dona Lupeng and Don Paeng go to witness the ritual and Dona Lupeng joins in with the ceremony.Once home, Dona Lupeng makes Don Paeng tell her that he adores her. He submits by kissing her feet. SETTING It was 1850’s during the Spanish period and the 2nd-3rd day of St. John’s Day. The main events in the story happened in the Moretas residence and at their town’s mini plaza and those happened during the night. CHARACTERS Donya Lupeng Moreta- long-married woman with three children Don Paeng Moreta- the highly moral husband of Donya Lupeng Guido- young cousin to the Moretas who studied in Spain Amada- the family cook and Entoys wife Entoy- the family driver RESOLUTION Paeng kissed her feet despite of his bruises. Lupeng shocked not knowing that he will actually do it. POINT OF VIEW Third person omniscient was the point of view of the sorry where in the both reader and writer observe the thoughts of more than one character.

Advanced Train Control System Technology

Advanced Train Control System Technology 1. Introduction The Dockland light Railway is one of Britains great high-tech Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, now carrying over 60 million passengers. This highly developed train control system has expended more rapidly than any UK railways. DLR officially launched in 1987 to serve the existing Docklands population and helps to regenerate the Isle of Dogs area, with 11vehicles convoy and 15 stations. Since then the DLR network has extended to Bank, Beckton, Lewisham, London City Airport and King George V. It has 31 km of railway and 38 station with 94 vehicles [DLR Light News 2007]. DLR now carries more passenger than ever before, with additional increases in demand predicted over the coming years. The systems current 6o million passengers a year is expected to rise up to 80 million by 2009, when a further 55 cars will be added to the fleet [DLR Light News 2008].Passenger numbers will rise further when the DLR assumes a major role in transporting passengers to and from the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, serving five Olympic venues. [Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA)] For twenty years, passengers travelling on DLR have been intrigued and puzzled by the unique trait of this network, the absence of train drivers. The entire railway operates as a driverless system, carrying more than 200,000 people across East London every weekday. As the trains appear to stop and start with its own harmony, the operation of the network managed and monitored 24 hour a day, 365 days a year, from the DLR Control Centre. For passenger safety, security and assistance there is a Passenger service Agent (PSA) on every DLR train. The DLR is operated through a computerised Automatic control system. Control Room staff has access to a visual overview of the entire DLR network showing exactly where each train is along the railway at any given time. The benefit of operating a network in this way is incredible. As the system is controlled automatically it allows DLR to run many more trains. [DLR Light News 2007] In the field of Automated Train Control System it is imperative to know all trains position on the system for swift and safe operation. On of the common train operating system was fixed block system, where railway track are divided in to number of blocks. These blocks only allowed one train to occupy that block. Until that block is clear, it does not permit other train to get in to that part or track and big gap used to generated between two trains. To operate a numerous train service like DLR, the railway track has to be divided into many short blocks, requiring setting up and maintenance numerous number of signalling equipment, side track and head shunt. Previously DLR operating system was run by fixed-blocks system due to short rail way tracks, lack of side tracks and head shunts and more frequent service demand this system was later replaced by SELTRAC a Transmission-Based Automatic Train Control (TBAC) system based on the Moving Block Principle. SELTRAC is a registered trademark of Alcatel SEL. [Alcatel Canada Transport Automation] 1.1. Aim The sole purpose of this comprehensive study is to go behind the scene of the infrastructure of the Docklands Light Railway operating system and how this transport service has harness the Advanced Train Control System technology to operate and transporting thousands of people around its network in a diversely populated city with great magnitude of fast growing economy. 2. Comprehensive Literature on Advanced Train Control System (ATCS), Latest System Technology on Train Operation and Top-Level Description of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) Automatic Train Control (ATC) System The First International conference on Advanced Train Control, which was held in 1991 in Denver, suppliers from different countries of the world attended and demonstrated their technology, products and operating system. Burlington Northern (BN) in conjunction with Rockwell produced the first version of ATCS, known as ARES (Advanced Railroad Electronic System), where they developed satellite navigation system for locating trains on the system. They tested this ARES on BNs Iron Range lines in Northern Minnesota with the purpose to integrate trains information system with central commands and control functions. During year1987 to1993, Canadian National Railways (CN) and Canadian Pacific Rail (CP) made momentous improvements in the development and testing of ATCS. A key component in recuperating safety and productivity of train operations is ATCS technology; it provides better communication, more accurate information on train movement, train location, wayside interfaces and locomotives co ndition. Railways are part of a technological rebellion where sophisticated communications equipment and computer systems are in use to control the movement of train. A main new expansion in train operation is data transmission, which help the train driver and the control centre staff to transmit information directly, by radio and on-board computer. [Edward Furman, Network Management for ATCS Communication System 1991] 2.1 Current Technological Expansions 2.2 Advanced Train Control Systems (ATCS) Bombardier in Europe, Railway Association of Canada (RAC) and American Association of Railroads (AAR) began to explore the viability of a radio-based control system that would get rid of human error in the field of train operations [RAC, AAR, 1984].This development was co funded equally by these companies and several other railway companies, suppliers and consultants from Europe, Canada and the U.S. The main purpose of the project was to develop a modular computer-based train control system that will provide safe and more proficient railway operation. ATCS is state-of-art technology, where it ensures a safe train operation service, train separation, train verifying, the safety and the reliability of all movement establishment issued to train and maintenance staff, and also monitoring all equipment status.[U.S Department of Transport, An Aid to positive Train Control, June, 1995] The main goals of the ATC system are to provide: Ability to implement a system with mechanism from different suppliers, which will reduce problems related to interconnecting and interfacing components from different manufacturers. The ability for each railway to select the capabilities and character it needs to implement. interoperability. System compatibility across the railway to ensure faultless operation and interoperability between different railways. [Federal Rail road Administration, 1995] The Advanced Train Control Systems 5 major systems i) Central Dispatch System (CDS): CDS manage the movement of trains all over the railway networks and ensure safe operation without train delays and it also provides automatic train tracking and monitoring, status and control of the train and the field system. ii) The On-Board Locomotive System with two major sub-systems: On-Board Computer (OBC): OBC provides automatic location tracking and automatic transmission of train movement via the data communication system. On-Board Display Terminal (OBT): On-Board Display Terminal display and provides all the necessary information for example; actual train speed, speed limits and restrictions, train location, milepost, track geometry, type of authority, track work protection, and status of switches. The display of the information can be presented in text form or in graphical form depending on type of terminals. iii) On-Board Work Vehicle System: The on-board terminal allows communication between track maintenance staff, central dispatch and vehicles operator via data communications system. iv) Field System: Wayside Interface Units (WIU) are essential equipments in the field system, which provide monitoring and control of wayside devices for example; switches, interlocking, hot-bearing detector and train defect detectors. v) Data Communication System: DCS gather the various information processing systems collectively and considerably reduce voice communications. [George Achakji, March, 1992] 2.3 Data Communication System Data Communications System is based on 5 levels of information dispensation: i) Continental level: Continental level provides the functions that are obligatory for inter-railway operations. For example, transferring waybill. ii) Railway level: Railway level provides the functions which are compulsory for train operations and also for non vital management of train operations. iii) Regional level: Regional level provides operations across dispatch regions, from one dispatch centre to another. iv) Dispatch level: Dispatch level is a central control function for train control. It can communicate with vital or non-vital information and it is also necessitate for this level to communicating of vital information to and from trains, track forces, switches, and other wayside equipments. v) Wayside/mobile level: Wayside/mobile level provides both vital and non-vital processing of locomotive data, track units, and wayside devices; and communications information between trains, wayside and track forces. [George Achakji, Advanced railroad Electronic system, January, 1991] 2.4 Advanced Railroad Electronics System (ARES) The exertion on ARES began in 1984, when The Rockwell International and The Burlington Northern (BN) began to study new technologies that provide automatic identification of train speed and position. Initial tests conducted by The Rockwell International and they demonstrated that GPS could successfully track moving trains. ARES is an integrated command, control, communications, and information system which applies modern avionics technology to railway operations. Its design objectives were similar to those of ATCS, for example, safety and the efficiency of railway operations. In year of 1985, these two companies started to develop a prototype system to determine the production feasibility of this conception. In the year of 1987, Burlington Northern starts their expedition with 17 locomotives, 8 switchers with ARES hardware and GPS receivers, 50 WIU (wayside interface units), two high-rail trains with GPS system on the Mesabi Iron Range [230 mile test track] in Northern Minnesota. The ir prototypes testing began in parallel with the existing control system in 1988 and lasted for four year and the company (BN) reported that good results were obtained. [George Achakji, Advance Railroad Electronic System January 1991] Advanced Railroad Electronics Systems are consists of the following integrated sub-systems: I) data management ii) rail operations control iii) locomotive analysis and reporting IV) on-board display v) energy management and VI) wayside interface. The ARES also has the capabilities for advanced traffic arrangement. The system provides direct dispatcher intervention in hazardous traffic situations, i.e., stopping the train by remote intervention [switch] which can be easily activated from the central dispatch office. During the testing period [ARES] BN and Rockwell had some problem using GPS to achieve high accuracy of train position on parallel track. In an effort to correct the problem of parallel track, BN and Rockwell explored the possible use of real-time differential GPS in terminals and also used others methods to provide more accurate positioning inputs, for example, using transponders for trains approaching switches and sidings. [George Achakji, Advanced railroad Electronic system, ARES, January, 1991] 2.5 Incremental Train Control System (ITCS) On of the vital communications-based train control system is Incremental Train Control System (ITCS) where the system utilize digital data link between the wayside and on-board train location system and it also perform the requirement for traffic control functions. The ITCS provides enforcement of signal indications, speed limits, temporary speed restrictions, and advanced start of crossing signals. This system is developed by Harmon Industry for Amtrak in Michigan. [Peter Winter, ETCS system, 1995] The Incremental Train Control System consists of 3 main sections: i) The locomotive equipment: This locomotive equipment consists of On-Board Computer (OBC), display screen, GPS receiver and mobile communication package. ii) The wayside equipment: This wayside equipment consists of Wayside Interface Units (WIU) and Wayside Interface Unit-servers (WIU-S) (WIU-S are the interface with the signal system), crossing signals and defect detectors. iii) The communications network: This network consists of wayside local area networks (WLAN). This also use spread range radio, so it can link WIU with WIU-servers and radio frequency (RF) networks in the UHF range to link WIU-s with On-Board Computer. Incremental Train Control System is supplemented by ATC or automatic train stop systems. During its normal train operation, the train driver are accountable for observing each signal feature and control the train accordingly the speed limits and restrictions and also stop the train where a stop is necessary. ITCS is responsible for monitoring the signal system and ensure that the train is properly controlled with the speed limits, speed restrictions, and stopping, not maintain these parameters in that case ITCS will automatically apply the breaks to stop the train.[Christian Tietze, ICEs On-Board Train Control and Diagnostics System, 1994] Incremental Train Control System is also known as a distributed control system, not like the ATCS architecture which is a central control system. The On-Board Computer (OBC) store the data from signal indications, track curvature, speed limits, mileposts, speed restrictions, and the locations of all the devices which are needed to communicate with the train. The OBC is also works on the train status report with the help of wayside devices. If three status reports are missed, the OBC will automatically apply the train brakes. The OBC monitors the location of the train with the help of GPS data and compared the track data base. After receiving a signal indicator it determines the appropriate speed of that track. The OBC also calculates a braking outline for the train and display the necessary information on the display screen. In the events of track crossing the OBC will calculate and issue a time to crossing (TTC) to the wayside interface units (WIU). The WIU will synchronize train start timer with the OBC and will confirm that start time. If the train speed exceeds the initial speed, the OBC will calculate and issue a new TTC to the WIU. If the OBC still cannot receive any confirmation that the crossing timer has been began with the correct value, in that case it will demand that train speed to be reduced. In the event of private crossings, the OBC will observe the status and warning system through update messages from the Wayside Interface Units-Server (WIU-S). If the OBC does not receive a message indicating the warning sign is active, in that case train speed will be reduced. Most of the operation manual of ITCS is very close to a conventional ATC. [Christian Tietze, ICEs On-Board Train Control and Diagnostics System, 1994] 2.6 Positive Train Separation (PTS) System The Positive Train Separation (PTS) System is a non-vital safety overlay system. PTS functions in combination with the active operation methods, signal and train control system. This PTS system was first designed for the Union Pacific/Burlington Northern Santa Fe (UP/BNSF) Railroads and state of Washington to Portland Oregon railroads. The PTS system is measured as an add-on system that enhances safety by protecting against all human errors. PTS system is centrally controlled communications-based system, which takes control of movement ability and speed limits of the equipped trains. It is also translucent to the train driver as long as the train is operated according to its movement ability and speed requirement. It will become apparent if the train attempt to exceed its speed limit and movement authority, PTS will issue a warning sound alarm to the train driver and the brakes will be applied if the train driver does not brought the train under control immediately. [Ted Giros, Amtrak Tests Cab Signalling, July 1996] The PTS system consists of 3 following segments: I) The server: This segment confirm the enforceable movement authority and speed limit, trains identification, destination for each train under the PTS control and digitally transmit this information with the help of communication network to the locomotive segment of each equipped train. It also monitors all train movements to prevent conflict. ii) Locomotive: This segment is consists of an On-Board Computer (OBC) and a location determination System (LDS), a mobile radio and a display unit, where train staff can receive textual information. The OBC calculates and constantly updates information about authority limits and speed limits and applies breaks if the authority limits are exceeded. It also calculates the distance required to stop the train. iii) The Communication Segment: Communication segment gather and transmit all information with high reliability between the server and locomotive during the train operations. [Railway Age, May 1997] 2.6.1 Positive Train Control (PTC) System PTS is also a centrally controlled communications-based system. Its software is written in conformance with ATCS stipulation. The purpose of the PTC design is the removal of wayside block signal systems and the management train movements, for example; speed enforcement, enforcement of limits of the authority, protection of maintenance-of-way employees and work vehicles and also monitoring of highway-rail grade crossing.[W Moore Ede, Communications-Based Train Control, May 1997] The Positive Train Control system has 3 main sections: I) Office Equipment: The office equipments are consists of Computer-Aided Dispatching System (CAD), PTC Interface Computer (IC) and a protocol converter to interface with CAD, IC and data communication system. ii) The Data Communications System: This system is consists of 3 interconnected networks: a) Ground Network b) Radio Frequency link Network c) User Network The ground network is consist of cluster controller(CC), base communications package(BCP), message processing nodes, microwave channels, telephone circuits, fibre-optic links and modem to connect the nodes. The Radio Frequency (RF) link is consists of base, mobile radio and radio communication channels. The User Network is consists of all application software within each field device. iii) The Field Equipments: The field equipment is consists of mobile communication packages (MCPS), locomotives and wayside interface units (WIU). During an emergency brake application in normal routing operations, the system automatically transmits an emergency message that will invalidate the limits of authority of the other trains in the surrounding area. The PTC system carries out safety critical data through digital data communication system between Interface Computer (IC) and it self for the train locations, trains preset time and devices for highway-rail grade crossing. In PTC the higher priority data message is an emergency message which occurs due to trains emergency brake application. The PTC system has designed in such a way where failure of an emergency data message will not create any unsafe condition. [Railway Age, Washington may 1997] PTC also uses transponders in the following critical areas: a) during approaching to PTC-equipped territory, b) during the entrance of PTC territory and c) during approach to a controlled point within PTC territory. This transponder provides exact train location and routing determination. When an equipped train passes the transponders to move towards PTC-equipped territory, the system initialize the On-Board Computer (OBC) and set the tachometer to zero for location determination. The equipped train does not enter in to the PTC territory if the OBC cannot be initialized. [R Lindsey, Communication- Based train Management, May 1997] 2.7 European Train Control System (ETCS) The European Union (EU) has adapted a railway network system to overcome the major problems in the field of technical operating system, multiplicity of signalling and train control systems. In 1991 nine foremost European railway companies of the signalling industry reached an agreement with EU to develop a new train control system, which is now known as European train Control System (ETCS). ETCS has the ability to perform in combination with all the existing tracks and wayside equipment under the train protection and train control systems. [R. Ford, 1996] The ETCS is designed to congregate wide series of operational requirements. The capability of ETCS are provided in three levels a) Level 1: The new ETCS interfaces can meet the terms with the existing system. ETCS can also provide a basic Automatic Train Protection (ATP) capability combination with the conventional wayside signals. B) Level 2: This level has the option of speed data display for automatic train speed control. New Cab signalling system is also been added up to ATP capability. But still the trains can be driven by wayside signals equipment and it can also determine the train location with help of tracks fixed equipments and track circuits. c) Level 3: Train location and train integrity detection can be utilize with the help of transponders on the track (same as in ATCS). This system eliminates the need of track circuits and other detection techniques. In this level, the system incessantly provides an update of train location and also transmits the signalling information to all trains to ensure a safe separation. Level 3 ETCS is also capable of moving block signalling to maximize line capacity. One of the main goals behind the ETCS design is to develop common display units which can be easily understood by the all drivers across the boundaries of different European countries. The ETCS operates frequency range in 900 MHZ using data radio transmission called Euradio. This Euradio transmit encoded data in digital form with vital safety signalling standards. Each operational train does constant radio contact with a central computer. This central computer is responsible for controlling the trains movement and safe separation . [R.Ford, Railway Technology International, 1996] 2.7.1 Train a Grande Vitesse (TGV) Train Control System TGV (train grande vitesse) is French high-speed train, which has no wayside signals. SNCF (French National Railways) has determined that for a safe train operation track side signals, cab signalling system and on- board equipment with reliable advance information (road status) are vital to the operator. These requirements led to the development of an ATC system. There are two generations of ATC systems are in use on the TGV network system. Both these systems are significant for continuous link between the train and the track. [George Achakji, TGV System Development, 1992] TVM 300 is the first generation TVM. This TVM uses wired logic and has the following performance levels: at speed of 270 km/h with 5 min headway on the SE Line (in 1981) and at speed of 300 km/h with 4 min headway on the Atlantic Line (in 1989). [George Achakji, TGV System Development, 1992] TVM 430 is the second generation TVM This TVM is a fully-digitized system and it also design to companionable with all versions ground equipment. The TVM 430 is designed to have the following performance levels: at speed of 320 km/h with 3 min headway on the North Line and a mixed traffic with 2.5 min headway in the Channel Link which connects Paris -London-Brussels operation route. The TVM 430 based on a real-time, fault-tolerant architecture. To establish the safety requirements and all other techniques are based either on the intrinsic features of certain components, or on hardware or functional dismissal. [George Achakji, TGV System Development, 1992] The TGV has an on-board data transmission network called TORNAD. It has the facility to communicate between 18 computers (single-unit) and 36 multi-unit computers. The TORNAD has the following main functions: controlling, monitoring, and regulating of equipment; and carrying out the information exchanges for operation and maintenance. [George Achakji, TGV System Development, 1992] TGV has built with an automatic braking system. It stops the train when the driver exceeds the speed limit. During operation period, the brakes are monitored in the region of once a minute, and their status is indicated to the train drivers OBC screen. If the train driver exceeds the maximum speed limit which is permitted by the system, than the automatic train stop system instigate an emergency braking action [George Achakji, TGV System Development, 1992] 2.7.2 Advanced Control System Advance control system for train communication is an incorporated command, control and communication system. It is also known as ASTREE system. It was developed by the Socià ©tà © National des Chemins de Fer (SNCF), for train operations and for the railway network management. The ASTREE system offers computerized real-time control of train movement, with the help of radio telephone communication between a central control and onboard microprocessors. This system provides train position and location modification, ground-train transmission (known as data and voice transmission), switch control, monitoring and interlocking, automatic vehicle identification, train consist acquisition, and train integrity checking.[36] ASTREE system does not put any strong command for safety requested from the communications mechanism because in this system every train is equipped with location and communication capability equipment. During the train operation the trains location can be adjust with passive microwave tags (same as the ATCS track transponders, SNCF has new identification tags, capability to read train speed at 400km/h) through an on-board interrogator and the train constantly knows its own position and speed limit according to authority restrictions. [George Achakji, High-Speed Train, TGV system Development, March 1992]. 2.7.3 German InterCity Express (ICE) System The German InterCity Express (ICE) System is one of the state of-art train operation system set with locomotive at each train coaches. This system implements a sophisticated integrated data transmission system network, which imposes with traction control and also interacts with the each coaches control system. ICE System network uses fibre-optic cable to transmit data for trains diagnostic systems, real-time processing, and block maintenance and also for on-board passenger information and amusement. Using of fibre-optic is the best method for train-bus communication, because it is technically more effective and much more economical. [Christian Tietze, ICEs Onboard Train Control and Diagnostics System, 1994] ICEs electronic control and supervision devices are divided into 4 subsystem levels: I) Train operation level: Train engineers inputs resolute command during train operation from Automatic Train Control (ATC) wayside and Automatic Train Protection ATP) devices. ii) Train control level: This level handles trains automatic driving and braking and traction effort with the help of closed-loop control. iii) Vehicle control level: The vehicle control level has resulting redundancy for the train bus fibre-optic interface and the train control, for example, power car (locomotive) and the train coach. Central diagnosis device on the locomotive called the David monitors and stores all functions and malfunctions. It also checks trains equipment at the beginning of operation. The train controller unit on the trailer coaches called the Zeus. Zeus controls diagnosis and co-ordinates functions for each car. After receiving data from the train levels, it distributes this information to the subsystem level. iii) Subsystem level: The subsystem level includes propulsion control, brake control, auxiliary control, door control, and air conditioning control devices of the train. [Christian Tietze, ICEs Onboard Train Control and Diagnostics System, 1994] 2.8 Intermittent Cab Signalling (ICS) Cab signalling technology has been available and in use for many years. In 1979 it was first established on the Swedish State Railway (SJ X2000) for high-speed train operations. Its function has been proven both in European and North American railways. In the recent years, supplementary developments were undertaken by various railway companies. In U.S.A, Amtrak has tested an intermittent cab signalling system for the future advanced civil speed enforcement system (ACSES). In their signalling design, the system can operates independently and it can also be integrated with existing train control systems. It has the capabilities for enforcement of train speed limits and the automatic stop command by applying the trains breaking system (calculates and compares by trains on-board computer). This system also uses separate passive radio frequency transponders to provide the required data to a passing train. [Ted Giras, Amtrak Tests Cab Signalling, July 1996] 2.9 Docklands Light Railway (DLR) System Overview The Dockland light Railway (DLR) system outline is shown in Figure 1-1. The system comprises existing connection from Bank (BAN) to Canary Wharf (CAW), Tower Gateway (TOG), Stratford (STR) and Lewisham (LEW), Beckton (BEC), as well as a new line to the King George V (KGV) station. This automated system consists of approximately 27 km of double track, except between station Bowchurch (BOC) and Stratford, where section of single track exist. There are two manual deports, which are located at Poplar (POP) and Beckton (BEC).Alcatel Canada provided SELTRAC system, a transmission based signalling system for DLR. Conventional signalling follows the fixed block principle, where tracks are divided into section (blocks) of a prearranged length. A train is only authorized to carry on into a block when that block and the next are clear of traffic. To achieve the closer headway and system flexibility demanded by urban transit, shorter and more numerous blocks are needed in affixed block system. An adaptation of the system known as SELTRAC was developed and implemented by SELC. The technology was expanded to permit fully driverless operation in high capacity (i.e. passenger) application for the cities of Vancouver, Toronto and Detroit for Light rapid transit systems. Over the years these systems have demonstrated high availability and superior operating flexibility. SELTRAC has provided several operation modes including fully automatic known as Automatic train Operation Function (driverless) and Automatic Train Protection function (ATP) Manual. SELTRAC is based on the moving block principle, in which the safe separation behind the proceeding train is dynamically calculated based on the actual operating speeds, breaking curves and locations of the trains on guide way. This dynamic method allows shorter headways to be achieved without impinging on safety principles. With the SELTRAC system, all DLR Automatic Train Operation (ATO), Automatic Train Protection (ATP), and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) function are performed with a minimum of wayside hardware. Checked-redundant centralised computers are in continues cyclic two-way communication with vehicle-borne, checked-redundant microprocessor control component. DLR major departure from conventional signalling is the centralisation of route

Why We Crave Horror Movies by Stephen King Essay -- Why We Crave Horror

Stephen King wrote a very brief essay titled "Why we Crave Horror Movies", in which he explained some of the reasons that people choose to go to horror movies to be entertained. In his essay, King goes on to explain that we as a people need horror movies as a sort of release; to feed the darker elements within all of us without having to sacrifice our humanity (also, civility). King does this by comparing people based on their levels of sanity whereas some societal "eccentricities" are completely acceptable, while some will get you thrown right into the loony bin. It’s summed up pretty well in this quote: "The mythic horror movie, like the sick joke, has a dirty job to do. It deliberately appeals to all that is worst in us. It is morbidity unchained, our most base instincts let free, our nastiest fantasies realized ...and it all happens, fittingly enough, in the dark." I don’t disagree with King in his opinion at all, but I feel that maybe this was a bit of a simple answer to a very loaded question. I mean can we really say this about all horror fans? Horror fans have all kinds of different occupations, personalities, and backgrounds so obviously this theory can’t apply to everyone, so in this case, I can only really say why I watch horror movies, and ask you to do some kind of self reflection on your own. First of all, why do I watch horror movies? That is actually a really good and very heavy question. I often times try to understand why I watch films tha...

Biology :: essays research papers

Biology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. The virus is made up of five parts and is in the size range of 10 nm-300 nm in diameter. The first is the coat made up of protein that protects the virus to a point. Next is the head that contains the genetic material for the virus. The genetic material for a virus is DNA. The two other parts are the tail sheath and the tail fibers that are used for odd jobs. I believe that a virus is not considered to be a living creature due to the fact it is a parasitic reproducer. To me it is just like ripping up a piece of paper because it is still the same thing and it isn't carrying out any other function besides reproduction. Since the virus cannot continue to do its functions without taking from a host and being a parasite it is considered an obligated parasite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. The adult fern plant in its dominate generation (sporophyte) develops sporangium on one side of its leaf. When meiosis is finished inside the sporangia and the spores are completed the annulus dries out releasing the spores. The spore germinates and grows into a prothallus which is the gametophyte generation. The antheridia and the archegonia are developed on the bottom of the prothallus. The archegonia are at the notch of the prothallus and the antheridia are located near the tip. Fertilization occurs when outside moisture is present and the sperm from the antheridia swim to the eggs of the archegonia. A zygote is formed on the prothallus and a new sporophyte grows.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Flowering plants have unique characteristics that help them survive. One is the flower itself that contains the reproductive structures. The color of the flower helps because it may attract birds and insects that spread the plants pollen which diversify the later generation of plants. Flowers also produce fruits that protect their seeds and disperses them with the help of fruit eating animals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Fungi, Animalia, and, Plantae are all believed to be evolved from Protista. All 3 of these kingdoms are eukaryotic and their cells have a nucleus and all the other organelles. Fungi live on organic material they digest, Plants produce their own organic material, and Animals go out and find their food. Animalia are heterotrophic whereas Plantae are photosynthetic. Fungi who digest their own food on the outside are different from animals who digest their food on the inside. Plants and animals both have organs systems but animals have organized muscle fibers and plants do not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8. The Gasreopoda , Pelecypoda, and the Cephalapoda all have three of

Immortal Life vs. Immortal Name: Gilgamesh and Beowulf Essay -- Englis

Immortal Life vs. Immortal Name: Gilgamesh and Beowulf Death. Fate. Immortality. Destiny. All are subjects that we tend to avoid. While most of us hope for life after death, we tend not to dwell on this subject because we are uncomfortable with the unknown. On those rare occasions when we allow ourselves to think about the fact that our days are numbered, we wonder if death can be cheated and immortality gained. Some have suggested that being remembered is just as enduring as living forever. Thoughts of destiny and the here after are not new. They have engaged the hearts and minds of men for ages. Two ancient stories that deal with this subject matter are The Epic of Gilgamesh and Beowulf. In these texts, the main characters, Gilgamesh and Beowulf, are obsessed with their fate. To the degree that these epics accurately reflect the society and culture of their own eras, one can see that men of these ancient times were as concerned about their ultimate destiny as we are. The epic stories of Gilgamesh and Beowulf illustrate that men and wom en throughout the ages have been keenly aware of their own mortality and that they long to live on eternally, if only in the memory of others. In the beginning of The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh, the ruler of ancient Uruk, is blessed with the gift of foresight. He has numerous dreams about his destiny and is very accepting of the fate that the gods have given him. The gods give Gilgamesh a dream and Enkidu interprets Gilgamesh’s vision concerning his fate. Enkidu says that Enlil, father of the gods â€Å"has given you kingship, such is your destiny, everlasting life is not your destiny† (Sandars 70). With this revelation Gilgamesh knows his destiny very early in his journey. Rather than becoming angry at the gods, Gilgamesh accepts the gods’ choice to not give him eternal life. Instead, Gilgamesh wants to â€Å"set up his name in the place where the names of famous men are written, and where no man’s name is written yet he will raise a monument to the gods† (70-1). Gilgamesh succeeds in his plan for making himself famous by first defeating the guardian of the forest, Humbaba, and shortly after, the bull of heaven. During these battles Gilgamesh declares that there is â€Å"nothing to fear! †¦ if I fall I leave behind me a name that endures† (71). Having reconciled himself to the fact that fate has indeed determined when he will die, h... ...O, Gilgamesh†¦great is thy praise† (119). The narrator is saying that the admiration of others is and will be great. This clearly shows that the people of Uruk will keep Gilgamesh alive in their minds. Beowulf will at some level attain everlasting life through the memory of his people as well. In Beowulf and Gilgamesh, both heroes desire to gain everlasting life. At one point, Gilgamesh believes that he can actually gain eternal life and change his destiny. Beowulf, and eventually Gilgamesh, end up gaining everlasting life through their monuments and the good deeds that their people will remember them by. The ancient societies depicted in The Epic of Gilgamesh and Beowulf are no doubt representative of the actual societies that existed during those time periods. These ancient people were greatly concerned with issues such as death, fate, and destiny. People of ancient times and modern realize that even though one cannot escape death, one can to some degree achieve immortality, if only in the memories of those left behind. Works Cited Liuzza, Roy M., trans. Beowulf. Peterborough, ON: Broadview, 1999. Sandars, N. K., trans. The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York: Penguin, 1972.

Personal Traits

There are some traits I think they are also my weaknesses that I do not like about myself, I am not able to change them completely because they make me different from others and also defined who I am. However, I am trying to improve myself day by day to adapt, work, and communicate with others and to limit effects of these traits in my performances. These traits are trying to make anything as much perfect as I want, Judging a person by external appearances and lack of self-control.Firstly, I want anything has done as much perfect as possible, it is may be good because I can gain a lot of good feedbacks or good results but it also causes a lot of troubles for not only myself but also others. Since I expect too much so I tend to collect other works; therefore, I usually work under pressure, feeling overwhelm and depressed when the result went bad. Moreover, I usually work in team, sometime I create stressful because of my requirements. That leads some unnecessary discussions and argume nts.Hence, to improve this weakness I think I should truth in there contributions by instead of do or try to fix anything by myself, I can discuss and give some recommendations for others and lets them finished in their own ways. As the result, I can reduce the volume of my tasks, avoid unnecessary arguments, have more time and wide views to check and evaluate final performances. Secondly, I tend to Judge a new person based on their external appearances, it can prevent me from making true friends and is misleading.To avoid these mistakes, firstly, I should spend more time to know new people because different people have efferent life styles, backgrounds and believes which their appearances cannot show. Secondly, I should remind myself some mistakes that I already have because mistakes are lessons. Hence, keep in mind these lessons will help me give expectations and behavior to others in appropriate levels. Finally, I think self-control is an important point which I should improve be cause I communicate ad interact with others every day and time.Therefore, my attitude and behavior will directly affect others' Judgments about myself. When I was in a first workup at university, it was hard to make appropriate responds when I was angry. This leaded to lost friendships and stress feeling for me. To improve my self-control, I should find and remember some signals which appear before I cannot control myself, for example high temperature, or get wet at my hands. Moreover, I think that keep calm- silent in a moment before starting or continuing a discussion or argument is a good way, because I have time to think carefully and refresh my mind.This helps me o avoid letting my emotion cover my opinions and lead my actions. In conclusion, to have a happier life by reducing stress and work under pressure, I should not try to finish anything perfectly as I want, but I can ask for helps and be open minded. Moreover, to avoid and limit mistakes caused from my Judgments which ba se on other external appearances, I should spend more time to Finally, to improve my self-control, it is better to recognize and remember signals occurred when I am getting angry, and keep calm will create time for me to think carefully about my reactions.

The Key Aspects of Project and Research Activities

Summarises key aspects of the: 1- project, research activities undertaken 2- ideal generation activities 3- decisions made 4- development stages 5- prototyping 6- final proposal (a summary of the group based presentation) †¦ etc. 1. Topic choose: 2. 1 Which topic we choose: We choose â€Å"the most handmade elements in an art-work† as our topic. 2. 2 Why/how to choose this topic: a) Find something we all interested b) We can easy to control (familiar)-and think about as a designer what kinds of things that we can do in the project.Practice, integrate the module we have learned. c) easy to rise target people’s interests d) positive outcomes (value for society) 2. 3 What the key design management knowledge we want to use and practice in this project: A. Design research — gather the relevant resources to analysis the background, current situation and future trend of the project. Based on which, to find out the existing gaps and opportunities, so that to positio n the project more properly. B. Design management — how to organize a team to achieve the goal. E. g. ime management, communication skill, teamwork etc. C. Design in business — (a) In strategic level: refine core value, target the audiences; (b) In tactical level: choose and develop the strategy of spread the information of the event and gather enough people to involve in, gain financial outcome†¦etc. D. Design manifestation in visual way — (a) How to make the strategic planning more tangible using visual communication in the way of gathering people. (b) How to using visual as a tool to introduce the project more easily in the presentation.E. Design brief — how to present the project in a clear and easy way. 2. 4 Challenge/difficulty of the topic: (a) This is the second time to using design research skill to go through a whole project (b) To use different language to communicate with members (c) Finish the work in only 5 days (d) Separated the task o f the project into small piece in a small team (e) Have less experience on practicing the marketing and branding theory in a practical way (f) How to visualize the idea effectively g) Find evidence to convince audience (h) Do not familiar with Guinness record 2. How to face and conquer the challenge: 3. 5 Schedule of the project process Explain the process, highlight A. We make a schedule based on the module timetable. Because we not only want to follow the module needs but also want to practice what we have learn in a more real situation. B. We did the desk research in order to gain more information about what have already done and its pros and cons. This will help us to develop our own project.Since we have less experience in the topic. C. We use code (e. g. 4 key points and 5W1H) to help us to go through the whole project. D. Based on our background we planning to take more times on research and find evidence rather than do the visualization. 3. The gap we have not fulfill: A. Re search coding and feasible analysis has not done enough so that which leads the project of the topic we choose is too large that we actually cannot control it properly. B. It is hard to negotiate members’ opinions and choose one topic C.Hard to consider each point without missing, and to find the critical point to highlight and manifested as a good idea to show. D. Oral communication and presentation 4. What we have learned: A. More professional way of design thinking in which gathers idea and narrows it, and also not make us fell stress and be lost  from the question. B. Storytelling and keywords can make the presentation more attractive and explain more effectively. C. Divided things into small part, it will become easier to control and conquer.For instance, we divided the whole project into three steps: prepare, launch, exhibition. It really helps us to keep our developing process the case more rational. D. Pay much attention on research and design prototyping is really important. Other wise, we have to face too much-unexpected problems. (e. g. The most error happened on the topic choosing part, by less consider our own ability and deepen research about Ai Weiwei’s project. We doing some real seeds that really help us to communicate the idea to others and presentation).

Columbia Business Environment

According to (Walter, J. (2006), any business worthy its salt must carry out a business analysis audit before venturing into expansion plans. This often saves an organization time and resources which would be lost if the decision to expand or relocate business is not based on sound business practices. The case below analyses the business environment in Colombia, by addressing the political, cultural, economic, and domestic and industry analysis of the country. Finally the paper gives a verdict based on the findings of the analysis which is basically a recommendation on the economic investment options for a business aiming at venturing into the Colombian market. Location. Colombia, neighbors Caribbean Sea, Panama, Venezuela, a well as North Pacific Ocean. With a population of about 40 million people, the country has a good domestic market. Colombia enjoys a mixture of climates such as coastal- tropic climate as well as in the eastern plains it also has cool highlands climate suitable for agricultural activities. Political environment Major political parties currently include, Democratic Alliance, Liberal Party, Patriotic Union, and Social Conservative Party (Kline, & Harvey, 1985). Political leaders include the president, Carlos Franco Echavarria, Antonio Navarro Wolff, Otty Patino, Carlos Alonso Lucio, Jose Fernando Bautista, Aida Abella and Dr. Eugenio Merlano de la Ossa. The country has democratic ties with the US and has ambassador in the US as well as hosts an ambassador from the US. In terms of religion the people are largely Roman Catholics, which constitute over 90% of the population with other religions forming the 10 percent. Currently the country is grappling with civil riots, poverty, lawlessness, depreciating currency as well as unstable political environment. The country has been faced with civil strife for the past 40 years something which has led to the displacement of over 200,000 people internally (Amnesty International, 2002). Currently, the presidency is from right –wing and many pundits have predicted that, as long as he continues to favor socialist ideals, the long waited reforms especially those addressing the plight of the poor in Columbia will continue unresolved. Economic conditions. The economy is predicted to grow at a rate of 6. 1something attributable to stable domestic consumption as well as favorable private investment situation. In the year 2005 the GDP was 5. 13 and a 6. 1 growth this year is appositive indicator of a favorable economic environment. The best performing sectors are trade, infrastructure and industry. Columbia’s GDP has been growing at a rate of 3. 1 to 3-6 in the last 3 years that is from the year 2004 to presently. Improved global economic environment is the reason behind a lot of economic activity being experienced in Colombia (Bagley, & Michael, 1987). In addition, the domestic market is growing in a sharp contrast to the impoverished people. The growth rate can be termed as encouraging with the country experiencing strong and predictable exchange rates, as well as low and favorable interest rates. On top of the above, the credit conditions have improved significantly as compared to the situation in the 90’s. Major economic sectors include textiles, oil exploration, beverages, chemicals, cement; as well as minerals like gold, coal, and emeralds (Thoumi, Francisco 1987). Labor conditions. The labor market in Colombia is ready and oversupplied. However major challenges lay ahead because of the deplorable labor movement conditions in that country. In a nut shell it is evident from the available literature that, labor organizations are non operational in Colombia, joining trade union is equitable to courting death something which has greatly affected the labor relations in the country. On top of that, employees’ morale in the country is on an all-time low due to the fact that, the workers in that country do not have a strong bargaining power (Peeler, &John, 1976). The situation becomes more complex due to the involvement of military groups which besides being armed, seem to operate undeterred by law enforcement agencies. There have been reported numerous abductions, threats and assassinations all directly related to labor issues something which calls for great planning on the side of a foreign company wishing to invest in Colombia. The above have had a negative effect on the economic environment of the country and have been the leading causes for investors shunning from investing in the country. Besides the above named conditions of crime, there has been of late a wave of economic crime such as hijackings of shipments, ransom demand kidnappings, counterfeit goods trade, all of which have made production costs to go up due to high risks. Colombia is active in regional and international organizations such as UN, Andean community, the Rio group and OAS (Martz, & John, 1962). The country’s political system is a democracy of bicameral congress and independent executive as well as judiciary. The biggest political parties are the Liberal and Conservative currently the president is, Alvaro Uribe. The people speak their ethnic languages of their respective ethnic groups but Spanish is the official and national language, such ethnic groups and languages include; Mestizo, Whites, Blacks, mulatto and Amerindian. The literacy level is very high with 91% of the population being literate which implies that skilled labor is readily available in the country. The people are known to be hospitable and rarely has there been reported animosity related to foreigners. Evidently, Colombia is not a politically stable country something which has resulted from continued guerrilla warfare as well as paramilitary activities. Urban crime rate is very high as well as the insecurity conditions in the whole country. Corruption is reported to be very high couple with drug trafficking and all other manner of social crimes. It is correct to say that Columbia is one of the most unsafe places to invest in and therefore the business should postpone its expansion plans in Colombia and perhaps relocate to other neighboring countries with same strategic business advantages as Columbia but less risks and therefore operational costs..

The Three Basic Economic Questions

The Three Basic Economic Questions 1. What to Produce? what items to produce and how much of each item to produce using its productive inputs in the most efficient manner. 2. How to Produce? One the decision has been made regarding what to produce. each country must choose which resources productive inputs will be used and in what combinations3. For Whom to Produce? Should the productive outputs be distributed based on social customs, personal wealth and ownership, or mandated by the government? mandated government- china no youtube or facebook (social customs- north korea the worst)Basic Economic Systems Traditional Economy One in which economic decisions depend upon social customs and rarely changes from generations to generation. in these societies, religion and culture are more important than personal wealth and material possessions. ( north korea, india marriage) conncected to for whom to produce in traditionMarket Economy One in which economic decisions are based on private own ership, where individuals are free to pursue their own self interest. This system is often referred to as capitalism. individuals use their incomes to purchase goods and services. The more income one earns, the more purchasing power they have.Command Economy One in which all productive inputs are owned by the government and central planners within that government decide what items to produce and how much will be produced; how it will be produced and how output will be distributed based upon anticipated future needs of the economy. ex. China majority AfricaMixed Economy One that combines aspects of a market economy and a command econmy; the economy uses both markets and government to make decisions. Most countires  today fall under the mixed eonomly definition, however in varying degrees between private and public sector influence ex. Sweden, Canada, USA Economic SystemAdvantagesDisadvantagesTraditional Stability Emphasizes on spiritual and cultural aspects of lifePoverty Lack of i ndividual freedomsMarket Individual consumers determine what is produced and ultimately how much they are willing to pay.Encourages innovation and entrepreneurshipInstability in output due to changes in prices and/ or employment levels Private markets do not always consider the needs of society as a whole e.g. homeless shelters. If income is distributed based solely on earnings, some individuals might not earn enough to obtain the basic necessities of life. CommandMore even distribution of incomeCentral planners can focus on economic growth by directing resources in a specific direction.Lack of individual freedomsCentral planning difficulties and errors in judgmentInefficient use of resources due to the lack of profit to motivate the efficient use of resources

Causes of the Holocaust

With the rise of anti-Semitism, Nazi's propaganda and Hitler's message, the Germans accepted the claim of the unwelcome Jewish of the Nazi regime, so they became audiences of the Holocaust, created the power of the party, moved forward , And excluded. The Jewish German people regard the Jews as scapegoats for economic and political problems. People like Germans think that others should be responsible for themselves. This will help to create anti-Semitism. David Downing believes that Jews are considered the murderers of Christ. The Jewish focus on how the teacher treats the Holocaust is clear. The most common cause of massacres of Jewish day schools is anti-Semitism. Political instability, intolerance, prejudice, hatred of Weimar Republic, Hitler, Nazi Party were second, which were quoted at about the same frequency. The third most frequently cited reason is World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. Regarding covered topics, the focus of the Jewish focus is clear again (from the most frequently quoted to those not quoted quite often): Anti-Jewish Act (86%), Slum Life (86%), Jewish Unmarried Massacre (82%), Warsaw Jewish uprising (82%), Auschwitz (79%), Slum area (79%), Kristallnacht (79%), Final solution and descent concentration camp (75%), boycott and main combustion (75%). From the Jewish point of view, all these themes will be regarded as the core of the Holocaust. Did Jud Suss guide the Holocaust? It is probably not the case, but it may play a larger role than the Holocaust catalyst that was previously accepted as a catalyst. When the Holocaust was divided into three stages of elimination, elimination, and extinction, most people placed Jud Suss in the middle of the exclusion period. This arrangement usually comes from a 90-minute meeting of Nazi senior officials held on January 20, 1942. However, as early as 1939, Poland had already begun mass murder of Jews.

Black Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Studies - Essay Example will analyze the case of two â€Å"white† newspapers and one â€Å"black† newspaper as a means of identifying key differentials in the reporting of the same noteworthy incident. For purposes of analysis, an article from all three newspapers, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and the New York Amsterdam News will each by discussed and analyzed. The subject matter that has been chosen for analysis between the three newspapers is that of the unveiling of a brand new statue of Rosa Parks within the rotunda of Capitol Hill. Whereas many white individuals have been immortalized by inclusion in the U.S. pantheon as it were, the exhibition of an African American within such austere company was never before realized. As a function of this, the black newspaper which will be analyzed The New York Amsterdam News recently published an article on the internet entitled, â€Å"A Statue of Rosa Parks Unveiled in the Capital Building† which opens by stating the following: â€Å"With a caramel-colored statue of Rosa Parks to his right, President Barack Obama offered a moving tribute to the great civil rights icon in the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday morning† (Boyd 1). This in and of itself is interesting due to the fact that although the other papers which will be discussed are forced to mention the importance that race has to do with the given subject matter, The New York Amsterdam News opens its piece by reaffirming the historic and current overarching importance that an understanding and appreciation of race has. Consequently, the article goes on to re-emphasize the importance of Rosa Park’s statute being the first African American depicted within Capitol Hill has on the national consciousness and the furtherance of the ongoing Civil Rights movement. Only after these topics have been thoroughly discussed does it deviate towards a historical approach to why Rosa Park’s contribution maintains a dominant and relevant role within the current times. In a way, the

Art of Negotiation - advantages and disadvantages Assignment

Art of Negotiation - advantages and disadvantages - Assignment Example It is essential to adequately represent your interests, to make propositions on the solution of the problems discussed at negotiations. The negotiations will not be advantageous if a partner enters negotiations not considering their needs and purposes, difficulties and possible consequences. In this case a partner will be able only to make countermoves, i.e. react, but not to act. The negotiations will not be successful if in response to the statement of the partner the negotiator behaves not efficiently, but too emotionally, does not provide arguments, but only defends the position. Negotiations fail in case if a partner does not provide new facts in response, doesnt make new propositions, but simply states the known positions, which prevent the both parties from coming to mutual agreement. The negotiator isnt guided by common interests of joint responsibility for common business, doesnt allocate this aspect. It is important to reach the agreements, which would satisfy the interests of the whole society, not only the personal interests of the

Analysis of the Easy Jets mission statement's significance Essay

Analysis of the Easy Jets mission statement's significance - Essay Example Analysis of the Easy Jet’s mission statement's significance to current circumstances The mission statement of an organization can very crucial for a number of reasons. This can be a very effective tool for getting senior managers to talk about their differences and thrash out a common viewpoint. Mission statements are more usually an expression of a companys purpose and ambition. The mission statement of a company is a sort of company flag to rally round and a signpost for all stakeholders. Mission statement defines the values and behaviour standards for managers and stakeholders. A good mission statement is an influential document designed to give lucidity and evoke an emotional response. A mission statement must not be too far ahead of the current situation or it will be dismissed with If they think thats how we work around here, they are as crazy as I always thought they were.2 Hence, one of the salient objectives of the mission statement of an organization is to spell out the purpose of the organization. A mission statement also guides a signpost for the stakehol ders. â€Å"To provide our customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services. To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes.† It is evident from the mission statement of EasyJet that the company’s target segments are the people who travel for pleasure and the business people who travel from one city or country to another city or country for business purposes.